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On March 11, 2004, ten bombs exploded almost simultaneously on four commuter trains in Madrid, killing 193 people and wounding more than 2,000. It was the deadliest terrorist attack in Spanish history and the largest in Europe since Lockerbie in 1988. The attack, perpetrated by a jihadist cell linked to Al-Qaeda, took place three days before the general election.

On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9.0 earthquake and subsequent tsunami caused the destruction of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, triggering the most serious nuclear accident since Chernobyl (1986). The catastrophe killed nearly 20,000 people — mainly from the tsunami — contaminated large coastal areas and forced the temporary closure of all Japan's nuclear reactors.

On March 11, 1990, the Lithuanian Parliament declared the restoration of the country's independence, becoming the first Soviet republic to proclaim independence from the USSR. Prime Minister Vytautas Landsbergis led the process. The USSR attempted an economic blockade and military intervention, but Lithuanian independence was internationally recognised in September 1991.