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On November 23, 1980, a devastating magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck the Italian region of Irpinia in Campania, killing nearly 3,000 people and leaving 280,000 homeless. The disaster exposed corruption and the slowness of the Italian state in emergency management, as rescue operations took days to reach many affected areas.

On November 23, 1644, poet Matsuo Bashō was born in Ueno, Japan, the undisputed master of haiku and one of the great writers of Japanese literature. His poems, brief as flashes of light, capture the essence of nature and impermanence. His masterpiece, Oku no Hosomichi (The Narrow Road to the Deep North), narrates a journey that became a metaphor for life.

On November 23, 2010, North Korea shelled the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong with artillery, killing four people and wounding dozens. It was North Korea's most serious attack on South Korea since the 1953 armistice and raised tensions on the Korean peninsula to levels not seen for decades, reviving fears of a new armed conflict in the region.