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On August 30, 1946, the Paris Peace Conference concluded its work after seven weeks of negotiations, establishing peace treaties with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland after World War II. The agreements redrew the map of Eastern Europe and established borders that have largely endured to the present day.

On August 30, 1870, the Prussian army decisively defeated the French army at the Battle of Sedan during the Franco-Prussian War. Emperor Napoleon III was captured along with more than 100,000 soldiers. The defeat precipitated the fall of the Second French Empire and the proclamation of the Third Republic two days later.

On August 30, 1999, the people of East Timor voted in a referendum by a majority of 78.5% in favour of independence from Indonesia. The UN-supervised vote triggered a wave of violence by pro-Indonesian militias. East Timor formally declared independence in 2002, becoming the first new sovereign state of the twenty-first century.