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On July 1, 1867, the British North America Act came into force, creating the Dominion of Canada as an autonomous nation within the British Empire. The provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia joined in a federation. July 1 is celebrated as Canada Day, the country's most important national holiday.

On July 1, 1916, the British army launched the first major assault of the Battle of the Somme in France. In a single day, 57,470 British soldiers were killed — the greatest single-day loss in the military history of the United Kingdom. The battle lasted 141 days and cost more than one million casualties on both sides, with the front lines barely moving.

On July 1, 1997, at midnight, the United Kingdom transferred sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China, ending 156 years of British colonial rule. The agreement, based on the principle of "one country, two systems", guaranteed Hong Kong's freedoms for 50 years. The ceremony was watched by millions of people worldwide.