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On August 10, 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres was signed, dismembering the Ottoman Empire after World War I and ceding vast territories to Greece, Armenia and the Allies. The treaty was never ratified: Turkish resistance led by Mustafa Kemal rendered it worthless, and it was replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.

On August 10, 1519, the fleet of Ferdinand Magellan departed Seville with five ships and 270 men to attempt the first circumnavigation of the Earth. The voyage lasted nearly three years. Magellan died in the Philippines, but one of his ships, the Victoria, completed the journey in 1522 with only 18 survivors aboard.

On August 10, 1809, the city of Quito became the scene of the first cry of independence in South America, when a group of Creoles overthrew the Spanish colonial authorities. Although the rebellion was suppressed within weeks, the act is considered the symbolic starting point of the independence of what is today Ecuador.