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On January 11, 1922, Canadian physician Frederick Banting and medical student Charles Best administered purified insulin to a diabetic human patient for the first time — young Leonard Thompson — at Toronto General Hospital. The boy survived and the finding marked the beginning of modern diabetes treatment, which until then was almost invariably fatal.

On January 11, 1946, Enver Hoxha proclaimed the People's Republic of Albania, establishing one of the most hermetic and radical communist regimes in the world. Albania progressively isolated itself from all its allies — Yugoslavia, the USSR and China — and went so far as to declare itself the "world's only atheist state". Hoxha's regime lasted until 1990, leaving the country as the poorest in Europe.

On January 12, 2010, a devastating magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti, destroying Port-au-Prince and causing between 100,000 and 316,000 deaths — the highest figures ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere. The earthquake left 1.5 million people homeless. Reconstruction of the poorest country in the Americas was slow and complicated by successive hurricanes and a cholera epidemic.