July 12 belongs to Jep Bonet

On July 19, 1799, French soldiers participating in Napoleon's Egyptian campaign discovered near Rosetta a stone bearing a decree inscribed in three scripts: hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek. The Rosetta Stone provided the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics, opening the door to understanding more than 3,000 years of Ancient Egyptian history.

On July 12, 1690, Protestant King William III of Orange defeated Catholic King James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland, consolidating Protestant rule over the island and the British crown. The battle, though of limited military scope, became an identity symbol for Ulster Protestants and is still commemorated annually by the Orange Order movement.

On July 12, 1975, São Tomé and Príncipe declared independence from Portugal, becoming one of the smallest states in the world with barely 200,000 inhabitants on two volcanic islands in the Gulf of Guinea. The country, a Portuguese colony since the fifteenth century, was one of the last African territories to decolonise, alongside Mozambique and Angola that same year.