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On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait with more than 100,000 soldiers and 700 tanks, triggering a crisis that would shake the international order. President Saddam Hussein annexed the neighbouring country citing historical debts and oil disputes. The international community responded with sanctions and, months later, with the Gulf War.

On August 2, 1911, Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire to seize control of Libya, beginning what became known as the Italo-Turkish War. It was the first armed conflict in which military aircraft were used to drop bombs. Italy gained Libya, but the weakening of the Ottomans accelerated the outbreak of the Balkan Wars the following year.

On August 2, 1960, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 5, carrying dogs Belka and Strelka, making them the first living creatures to orbit the Earth and return safely. The mission's success was crucial in proving that living beings could survive spaceflight, paving the way for the first human orbital flight.